In Science This Week

In science this week, we started learning about DNA structures and how it is shaped. We learned the following statements:

• The DNA structure is called a double helix.
• There are two sugar backbones in a double helix.
• Also, there are base pairs in a double helix.
• There are four different bases.
• These bases are:

1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine

• Only Adenine and Thymine and Cytosine and Guanine go together.
• This order cannot be switched.

Furthermore, we learned that DNA tells us how to do stuff and is how we look. Also, cells decode our DNA.

We then learned that DNA stands for:

DNA- Deoxyribosnucleicacid.

The next day I was absent, so I didn't get any notes.

On Wednesday, we learned about the functions of the different kinds of RNA, which stands for:

Ribonucleicacid.

Here is what other things we learned:

• The messenger RNA's job is to get the code for DNA and give it to the ribosomes.
• The transfer RNA matches the messenger RNA's code to make new RNA.
• Transfer RNA also gets the materials so that the protein can be built.
• The materials are called amino acids.
• Ribosomes then build the protein.
• The job of a ribosome is to decode the code for DNA and to build the protein.

Next, we learned the following facts about the structure of RNA:

• Must be one strand
• The strand is a helix
• It still has sugar
• Instead of Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine, RNA has Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil.

We also learned the following statement:

DNA unzips to be copied.

The next day, we made a story about the process of making protein. Here is mine:

The RNA makes protein by getting the code from DNA from the ribosomes. After that, it is then transferred by the transfer RNA, or tRNA. Then, the tRNA gets the materials to make protein. The materials are amino acids. Next, they give it back to the ribosomes, which gives the materials, or amino acids, given into protein.

I then added to my story for homework that:

The amino acids come in the form of a string, or row of attatched amino acids. With this string, the ribosomes make a protein.

On Friday, we watched a simulation about protein synthesis.

• A cell gets a message to make a certain quantity of protein.
• A portion of the DNA unwinds exposing the gene for that protein.
• U pairs with A in RNA.
• Messenger RNA is formed.
• mRNA is a copy based on the pairs.
• A codon is a group of bases.
• ATP is energy.
• The binding site is where the amino acids go.
• Anti-codon is the opposite of codon.
• Amino acids seperate and fold to become a protein.
• Different codons need different amino acids.
• They read three codons at a time.
• To leave, the mRNA goes to the cytoplasm.

That is what I learned in science class this week.